![]() ![]() In the last decade, the United States witnessed an unprecedented growth of deaths due to opioid drugs, which sparked from overprescriptions of semisynthetic opioid pain medication such as oxycodone and hydromorphone and evolved in a surge of abuse of illicit opioids like heroin and powerful synthetic opioids like fentanyl. We believe that our approach may provide a novel perspective for a more comprehensive understanding of nonmedical abuse of opioids substances and inform the prevention, treatment, and control of the public health effects. In addition, we measured the strength of association between drug tampering, routes of administration, and substance consumption, finding evidence of understudied abusive behaviors, like chewing fentanyl patches and dissolving buprenorphine sublingually.Ĭonclusions: This work investigated some important consumption-related aspects of the opioid epidemic using Reddit data. We modeled the temporal evolution of interest in opioid consumption by ranking the popularity of the adoption of opioid substances and routes of administration, observing relevant trends, such as the surge in synthetic opioids like fentanyl and an increasing interest in rectal administration. A data-driven taxonomy of nonmedical routes of administration was proposed. ![]() We learned the language model of opioid consumption and provided alternative vocabularies for opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug tampering. Results: We identified 32 subreddits discussing nonmedical opioid usage from 2014 to 2018 and observed the evolution of interest among over 86,000 Reddit users potentially involved in firsthand opioid usage. Ultimately, through the evaluation of odds ratios based on co-mentions, we measured the strength of association between opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug tampering. We modeled the preferences of adoption of substances and routes of administration, estimating their prevalence and temporal unfolding. Methods: We used a semiautomatic information retrieval algorithm to identify subreddits discussing nonmedical opioid consumption and developed a methodology based on word embedding to find alternative colloquial and nonmedical terms referring to opioid substances, routes of administration, and drug-tampering methods. We aimed to find a large cohort of Reddit users interested in discussing the use of opioids, trace the temporal evolution of their interest, and extensively characterize patterns of the nonmedical consumption of opioids, with a focus on routes of administration and drug tampering. Objective: This study leverages Reddit, a social media platform, as the primary data source to investigate the opioid crisis. HOW LONG DOES ADDERALL STAY IN YOUR SYSTEM REDDIT HOW TO
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